Proficiency
Language proficiency is the ability to use a language spontaneously for real-world purposes.
There are many different ways to understand and to measure proficiency in a language. One widely recognized framework is the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) Proficiency Guidelines, which describe characteristics of proficiency in four different skill areas: speaking, writing, reading, and listening.
ACTFL Scale Proficiency Levels
Distinguished
“…use language skillfully, and with accuracy, efficiency, and effectiveness… Distinguished speakers are educated and articulate users of the language…”
Superior
“…communicate with accuracy and fluency in order to participate fully and effectively in conversations on a variety of topics in formal and informal settings from both concrete and abstract perspectives.”
Advanced
“…engage in conversation in a clearly participatory manner in order to communicate information on autobiographical topics, as well as topics of community, national, or international interest…”
Intermediate
“…create with the language when talking about familiar topics related to daily life…”
Novice
The ability to “…create short messages on highly predictable, everyday topics that affect you directly…”
If you are interested in a career in the government, the scale that’s used to assess proficiency is the one developed by the Interagency Language Roundtable (ILR). The ILR scale is similar to the ACTFL scale.
How long will it take me to become as proficient as I would like?
The time that it will take to reach a given level of proficiency depends on a lot of factors, including:
- What your specific proficiency goals are
- Your language background.
- Your current level of proficiency
- The amount of time and effort you devote to learning and using the language
How do I find out my proficiency level in the language I am studying?
For most of the languages taught at UW-Madison, your proficiency in speaking can be assessed through an Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI). The OPI is a short interview in which a certified OPI tester elicits a sample of your speaking performance in the language.
Official assessments can be purchased through Language Testing International (LTI), a partner of ACTFL. If you’re looking for an informal assessment of your proficiency level, try a self-reflection activity like the NCSSFL-ACTFL “Can-Do” statements.
You can also consider the Global Seal of Biliteracy, a micro-credential for certifying your language proficiency in two languages. The Global Seal of Biliteracy itself is free, but applicants pay for the associated assessments (proficiency tests) required to be awarded the Seal.
How can I communicate my language proficiency level to employers without a formal assessment?
If you can’t participate in a formal assessment of your language proficiency, you can learn how to describe your language skills on your resume, in cover letters, and in conversations with employers through self-assessment. Check out our guide to putting language proficiency on your resume to start the process.
Interested in learning more?
Meet with the advisor of your language or the Language Directions Specialist with the Language Institute.